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To start things off: Jazz Scales. Everyone is always asking about them, so I compiled everything most of you will ever need (and then some).

JAZZ THEORY

(How to read: Number refers to what degree of the scale is played, for instance starting on C major:
1 C
b2 Db/C#
2 D
#2/b3 Eb/D#
3 E
4 F
#4/b5 Gb/F#
5 G
b6/#5 Ab/G#
6 A
#6/b7 Bb/A#
7 B
8 C one octave up
b9 Db/C# one octave up
etc...)


Intervals:

(NOTE: Play both notes at the same time)

Unison 1 and 1
Minor 2nd 1 and b2
Major 2nd 1 and 2
Minor 3rd 1 and b3
Major 3rd 1 and 3
Perfect 4th 1 and 4
Diminished 5th 1 and b5
Perfect 5th 1 and 5
Minor 6th 1 and b6
Major 6 1 and 6
Minor 7th 1 and b7
Major 7th 1 and 7
Octave 1 and 8
Minor 9th 1 and b9 9same as b2 an octave up)
Major 9th 1 and 9
(Etc)


All the different modes of the major scale:

Ionian: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Dorian: 1 2 b3 4 5 6 b7
Phrygian: 1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7
Lydian: 1 2 3 #4 5 6 7
Mixolydian: 1 2 3 4 5 6 b7
Aeolian: 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7
Locrian: 1 b2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7


Harmonized Major Scale:
1: Maj7
2: Min7
3: Min7
4: Maj7
5: 7 (Dominant)
6: Min7
7: Min7 b5


Melodic Minor and its modes:

Melodic Minor: 1 2 b3 4 5 6 7
Lydian b7 (4th degree): 1 2 3 #4 5 6 b7
Altered (7th degree): 1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7


Harmonized Melodic Minor Scale:
NOTE: I only list the tensions when they deviate from the norm.

1: Min(Maj7)
2: Min7
3: Maj7#5
4: 7 9 #11 (Dominant)
5: 7 9 b13 (Dominant)
6: Min7 b5
7: Min7 b5


Diminished: 1 2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7 7 OR 1 b2 3 b4 b5 b6 b7
Whole Tone: 1 2 b4 b6 b7


And all the pentatonic scales, the blues scale, and the bebop scales:

Pentatonic Minor: 1 b3 4 5 b7
Pentatonic Minor 6: 1 b3 4 5 6
Pentatonic Dominant: 1 2 3 5 b7
Pentatonic Half Diminished: 1 b3 4 b5 b7
Pentatonic Major b6: 1 2 3 5 b6
Blues: 1 2 b3 4 b5 5 b7 7
Bebop Major: 1 2 3 4 5 b6 6 7
Bebop Minor: 1 2 b3 4 b5 5 b6 b7
Bebop Dominant: 1 2 3 4 5 6 b7 7
Bebop Dominant b9 b13: 1 b2 3 4 5 b6 b7 7